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UBERON:0002495

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Name:long bone
Definition:"those that are longer than they are wide, and grow primarily by elongation of the diaphysis, with an epiphysis at the ends of the growing bone. The ends of epiphyses are covered with a hyaline cartilage ('articular cartilage'). The longitudinal growth of long bones is a result of endochondral ossification at the epiphyseal plate. Bone growth in length is stimulated by the production of growth hormone (GH), a secretion of the anterior lobe of the pituitary gland. The long bones include the femurs, tibias, and fibulas of the legs, the humeri, radii, and ulnas of the arms, metacarpals and metatarsals of the hands and feet, and the phalanges of the fingers and toes. The long bones of the human leg comprise nearly half of adult height. The other primary skeletal component of height is the spine and skull. The outside of the bone consists of a layer of connective tissue called the periosteum. Additionally, the outer shell of the long bone is compact bone, then a deeper layer of cancellous bone (spongy bone) which contains red bone marrow. The interior part of the long bone is the medullary cavity with the inner core of the bone cavity being composed of (in adults) of yellow marrow. There are five general classifications of bones: (1) Long bones, (2) Short bones, (3) Flat bones, (4) Irregular bones, and (5) Sesamoid bones[WP]." [Wikipedia:Long_bone]
Xrefs:
links:

BTO:0004256
FMA:7474
galen:LongBone
MA:0002802
ncithesaurus:Long_Bone
OpenCyc:Mx4rv6axr5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA

SCTID:332709000
Comments:Endochondral_ossification is an essential process during the rudimentary formation of long bones, with the exception of the clavicle[Wikipedia:Endochondral_ossification]. The medial and and lateral ends undergo EO, the mid-portion is formed by a process with features of EO & IO (the process is shared by the mandible)[ISBN:9780397517251]
Alt_id: UBERON:MA_0002802-FMA_7474
Subset: uberon_slim

Ontology association<br>Each term has an is_a parent in the Uberon Ontology, which has a linkage to an another entity and FANTOM5 samples.Libraries were grouped into mutually exclusive facets according to the FANTOM5 sample ontology mapping to UBERON ontologies.<br><br>link to ontology dataset<br>data

Parents

is_a:UBERON:0001474(bone element)
part_of:UBERON:0002091(appendicular skeleton)



Children

is a:UBERON:0003606 (limb long bone)

Ontology Tree: Loaded from BioPortal

Ontorolgy tree(Small window open)

FF samples<br>It includes FANTOM5 samples that overlay the Uberon ontology

Mouse (Mus musculus)


Enrichment analysis: top 100 FFCP enriched with this ontology term TOP 100 FANTOM5 Cage Peaks enriched with UBERON:0002495 (long bone), sorted by p-values <br>Analyst: Hideya Kawaji<br><br>link to source dataset <br>human : data <br>mouse : data

P-valueFFCPShort description
3.4e-49FFCP PHASE1:Mm9::chr11:77624716..77624729,+#_acebd46883c9d44463c5dacaa72d7a98p26@Myo18a
3.4e-49FFCP PHASE2:Mm9::chr11:77624716..77624729,+#_acebd46883c9d44463c5dacaa72d7a98p26@Myo18a
4.96e-49FFCP PHASE2:Mm9::chr2:32482372..32482381,+#_d022df6d1d793061171e865febccf2fap@chr2:32482372..32482381, +
4.96e-49FFCP PHASE2:Mm9::chr9:21934585..21934591,-#_d022df6d1d793061171e865febccf2fap@chr9:21934585..21934591, -
4.96e-49FFCP PHASE1:Mm9::chr8:75097542..75097549,+#_d022df6d1d793061171e865febccf2fap@chr8:75097542..75097549, +
4.96e-49FFCP PHASE1:Mm9::chr2:32482372..32482381,+#_d022df6d1d793061171e865febccf2fap@chr2:32482372..32482381, +
4.96e-49FFCP PHASE2:Mm9::chr8:75097542..75097549,+#_d022df6d1d793061171e865febccf2fap@chr8:75097542..75097549, +
4.96e-49FFCP PHASE1:Mm9::chr9:21934585..21934591,-#_d022df6d1d793061171e865febccf2fap@chr9:21934585..21934591, -
3.15e-44FFCP PHASE2:Mm9::chr6:51525810..51525817,+#_f2c0d0a586dd08dee0ae9fd1a8508c97p@chr6:51525810..51525817, +
3.15e-44FFCP PHASE1:Mm9::chr6:51525810..51525817,+#_f2c0d0a586dd08dee0ae9fd1a8508c97p@chr6:51525810..51525817, +
9.78e-40FFCP PHASE1:Mm9::chr19:4876870..4876880,-#_9a109889d33edbdc4a67fa4ce3546449p@chr19:4876870..4876880, -
9.78e-40FFCP PHASE2:Mm9::chr19:4876870..4876880,-#_9a109889d33edbdc4a67fa4ce3546449p@chr19:4876870..4876880, -
1.15e-39FFCP PHASE1:Mm9::chr1:174140324..174140335,-#_eb4564512297922faeee528703b6a5a9p@chr1:174140324..174140335, -
1.15e-39FFCP PHASE2:Mm9::chr11:67063327..67063335,+#_eb4564512297922faeee528703b6a5a9p@chr11:67063327..67063335, +
1.15e-39FFCP PHASE1:Mm9::chr16:24096441..24096449,+#_eb4564512297922faeee528703b6a5a9p@chr16:24096441..24096449, +
1.15e-39FFCP PHASE1:Mm9::chr6:4490674..4490679,+#_eb4564512297922faeee528703b6a5a9p@chr6:4490674..4490679, +
1.15e-39FFCP PHASE2:Mm9::chr6:4490674..4490679,+#_eb4564512297922faeee528703b6a5a9p@chr6:4490674..4490679, +
1.15e-39FFCP PHASE1:Mm9::chr11:67063327..67063335,+#_eb4564512297922faeee528703b6a5a9p@chr11:67063327..67063335, +
1.15e-39FFCP PHASE2:Mm9::chr16:24096441..24096449,+#_eb4564512297922faeee528703b6a5a9p@chr16:24096441..24096449, +
1.15e-39FFCP PHASE2:Mm9::chr1:174140324..174140335,-#_eb4564512297922faeee528703b6a5a9p@chr1:174140324..174140335, -
1.55e-39FFCP PHASE1:Mm9::chr1:174143249..174143260,-#_c55e3fa6e653d8ef285cdc5faf09e852p@chr1:174143249..174143260, -
1.55e-39FFCP PHASE2:Mm9::chr1:174143249..174143260,-#_c55e3fa6e653d8ef285cdc5faf09e852p@chr1:174143249..174143260, -
3.03e-39FFCP PHASE1:Mm9::chr6:51525869..51525891,+#_6e921f6e360495d33d9c25d659c5ce14p@chr6:51525869..51525891, +
3.03e-39FFCP PHASE2:Mm9::chr6:51525869..51525891,+#_6e921f6e360495d33d9c25d659c5ce14p@chr6:51525869..51525891, +
9.31e-39FFCP PHASE1:Mm9::chr11:102130083..102130092,+#_fc3321de3e20c908d1f1f2e2d98c85dep3@Asb16
9.31e-39FFCP PHASE2:Mm9::chr11:102130083..102130092,+#_fc3321de3e20c908d1f1f2e2d98c85dep3@Asb16
2.41e-35FFCP PHASE1:Mm9::chr7:133604286..133604297,-#_1cad8225af33b629e54ff96282993596p@chr7:133604286..133604297, -
2.41e-35FFCP PHASE2:Mm9::chr7:133604286..133604297,-#_1cad8225af33b629e54ff96282993596p@chr7:133604286..133604297, -
2.95e-35FFCP PHASE2:Mm9::chr4:138365748..138365759,-#_ebc8a29cabd704b904c0fcfcb41069e3p5@Pla2g5
2.95e-35FFCP PHASE1:Mm9::chr4:138365748..138365759,-#_ebc8a29cabd704b904c0fcfcb41069e3p5@Pla2g5
9.53e-34FFCP PHASE2:Mm9::chr8:74049600..74049612,-#_a8ba166c4c35599f891211f985923a32p2@uc009mdq.1
9.53e-34FFCP PHASE1:Mm9::chr8:74049600..74049612,-#_a8ba166c4c35599f891211f985923a32p2@uc009mdq.1
1.23e-33FFCP PHASE2:Mm9::chr2:164773241..164773248,+#_f5233def2050c869025985f8ddaafe68p3@Mmp9
1.23e-33FFCP PHASE1:Mm9::chr2:164773241..164773248,+#_f5233def2050c869025985f8ddaafe68p3@Mmp9
1.58e-33FFCP PHASE1:Mm9::chr7:3567707..3567718,-#_34212ec7fd839f86b67b7a7d07e2be3ep2@Oscar
1.58e-33FFCP PHASE2:Mm9::chr7:3567707..3567718,-#_34212ec7fd839f86b67b7a7d07e2be3ep2@Oscar
1.58e-33FFCP PHASE2:Mm9::chr1:166815111..166815121,-#_34212ec7fd839f86b67b7a7d07e2be3ep@chr1:166815111..166815121, -
1.58e-33FFCP PHASE1:Mm9::chr1:166815111..166815121,-#_34212ec7fd839f86b67b7a7d07e2be3ep@chr1:166815111..166815121, -
2.04e-33FFCP PHASE2:Mm9::chr11:75409652..75409664,+#_3a59b1e0c091d20bf18657866c3fbf7ep@chr11:75409652..75409664, +
2.04e-33FFCP PHASE1:Mm9::chr9:70799951..70799962,-#_3a59b1e0c091d20bf18657866c3fbf7ep4@Lipc
2.04e-33FFCP PHASE2:Mm9::chr9:70799951..70799962,-#_3a59b1e0c091d20bf18657866c3fbf7ep4@Lipc
2.04e-33FFCP PHASE1:Mm9::chr11:75409652..75409664,+#_3a59b1e0c091d20bf18657866c3fbf7ep@chr11:75409652..75409664, +
3.38e-33FFCP PHASE1:Mm9::chr15:102196702..102196713,-#_765d35828b1149444e6d1b78bbaafda4p6@Sp7
3.38e-33FFCP PHASE2:Mm9::chr15:102196702..102196713,-#_765d35828b1149444e6d1b78bbaafda4p6@Sp7
7.17e-33FFCP PHASE2:Mm9::chr18:76271498..76271508,+#_84a9e4181692664f3077c0738fe93092p@chr18:76271498..76271508, +
7.17e-33FFCP PHASE1:Mm9::chr8:126415826..126415839,+#_84a9e4181692664f3077c0738fe93092p@chr8:126415826..126415839, +
7.17e-33FFCP PHASE2:Mm9::chr8:126415826..126415839,+#_84a9e4181692664f3077c0738fe93092p@chr8:126415826..126415839, +
7.17e-33FFCP PHASE1:Mm9::chr18:76271498..76271508,+#_84a9e4181692664f3077c0738fe93092p@chr18:76271498..76271508, +
2.67e-30FFCP PHASE2:Mm9::chr2:32482387..32482399,+#_6236360f0ffa96e36c4a04de94024f73p@chr2:32482387..32482399, +
2.67e-30FFCP PHASE1:Mm9::chr2:32482387..32482399,+#_6236360f0ffa96e36c4a04de94024f73p@chr2:32482387..32482399, +
1.1e-29FFCP PHASE2:Mm9::chr12:70396969..70396979,+#_4254a165f45fd38c3442f9f78de8bfe4p@chr12:70396969..70396979, +
1.1e-29FFCP PHASE1:Mm9::chr12:70396969..70396979,+#_4254a165f45fd38c3442f9f78de8bfe4p@chr12:70396969..70396979, +
1.1e-29FFCP PHASE2:Mm9::chr15:58649683..58649688,-#_4254a165f45fd38c3442f9f78de8bfe4p@chr15:58649683..58649688, -
1.1e-29FFCP PHASE1:Mm9::chr15:58649683..58649688,-#_4254a165f45fd38c3442f9f78de8bfe4p@chr15:58649683..58649688, -
1.46e-29FFCP PHASE1:Mm9::chr7:133590998..133591009,-#_9e8ec6931d1316c1de653c7784f62bb3p@chr7:133590998..133591009, -
1.46e-29FFCP PHASE2:Mm9::chr7:133590998..133591009,-#_9e8ec6931d1316c1de653c7784f62bb3p@chr7:133590998..133591009, -
1.73e-29FFCP PHASE2:Mm9::chr18:60751417..60751432,-#_6e324731079b1c4e5d82df6fdbb34620p2@Myoz3
1.73e-29FFCP PHASE1:Mm9::chr18:60751417..60751432,-#_6e324731079b1c4e5d82df6fdbb34620p2@Myoz3
2.42e-29FFCP PHASE2:Mm9::chr11:67051354..67051366,+#_746356eb8dd806aff753fc5e1976a631p2@Myh4
2.42e-29FFCP PHASE1:Mm9::chr11:67051354..67051366,+#_746356eb8dd806aff753fc5e1976a631p2@Myh4
7.46e-29FFCP PHASE1:Mm9::chr1:57155729..57155740,-#_9e4d6c51fdfbbaef9cc3a29ef10c9e57p@chr1:57155729..57155740, -
7.46e-29FFCP PHASE2:Mm9::chr1:57155729..57155740,-#_9e4d6c51fdfbbaef9cc3a29ef10c9e57p@chr1:57155729..57155740, -
9.26e-29FFCP PHASE1:Mm9::chr4:43597258..43597265,-#_4fbfa27d29e9060ab62340d88dcc7adep1@Msmp
9.26e-29FFCP PHASE2:Mm9::chr11:67056544..67056589,-#_4fbfa27d29e9060ab62340d88dcc7adep@chr11:67056544..67056589, -
9.26e-29FFCP PHASE2:Mm9::chr4:43597258..43597265,-#_4fbfa27d29e9060ab62340d88dcc7adep1@Msmp
9.26e-29FFCP PHASE1:Mm9::chr11:67056544..67056589,-#_4fbfa27d29e9060ab62340d88dcc7adep@chr11:67056544..67056589, -
1.15e-28FFCP PHASE2:Mm9::chrY:2858251..2858257,+#_cf5502913cbd43952f4abbbd44fa3767p@chrY:2858251..2858257, +
1.15e-28FFCP PHASE2:Mm9::chr6:90552017..90552024,+#_cf5502913cbd43952f4abbbd44fa3767p@chr6:90552017..90552024, +
1.15e-28FFCP PHASE1:Mm9::chr6:90552017..90552024,+#_cf5502913cbd43952f4abbbd44fa3767p@chr6:90552017..90552024, +
1.15e-28FFCP PHASE1:Mm9::chrY:2858251..2858257,+#_cf5502913cbd43952f4abbbd44fa3767p@chrY:2858251..2858257, +
1.43e-28FFCP PHASE1:Mm9::chr6:34436258..34436292,+#_737d51f35dec23bb5f828b9f1f5cdd28p@chr6:34436258..34436292, +
1.43e-28FFCP PHASE2:Mm9::chr6:34436258..34436292,+#_737d51f35dec23bb5f828b9f1f5cdd28p@chr6:34436258..34436292, +
2.2e-28FFCP PHASE2:Mm9::chr11:67069796..67069817,-#_9ce852a7a2c5ba28c18f6eabb99c1b03p@chr11:67069796..67069817, -
2.2e-28FFCP PHASE1:Mm9::chr11:67069796..67069817,-#_9ce852a7a2c5ba28c18f6eabb99c1b03p@chr11:67069796..67069817, -
2.72e-28FFCP PHASE2:Mm9::chr8:107702369..107702386,+#_2ee94cb9e5abc041ba569889426618c8p@chr8:107702369..107702386, +
2.72e-28FFCP PHASE1:Mm9::chr8:107702369..107702386,+#_2ee94cb9e5abc041ba569889426618c8p@chr8:107702369..107702386, +
3.45e-28FFCP PHASE1:Mm9::chr18:78254135..78254146,-#_c06a9765ee06a3b3a2c52a19619038ddp1@Siglec15
3.45e-28FFCP PHASE2:Mm9::chr18:78254135..78254146,-#_c06a9765ee06a3b3a2c52a19619038ddp1@Siglec15
6.5e-28FFCP PHASE2:Mm9::chr7:133591490..133591500,-#_05bb27fb2dd4aeaffcb1d77283027c5ap6@Atp2a1
6.5e-28FFCP PHASE1:Mm9::chr7:133591490..133591500,-#_05bb27fb2dd4aeaffcb1d77283027c5ap6@Atp2a1
8.9e-28FFCP PHASE2:Mm9::chr7:133591156..133591165,-#_dba25351d1ed70891c70538721e83fbap7@Atp2a1
8.9e-28FFCP PHASE1:Mm9::chr7:133591156..133591165,-#_dba25351d1ed70891c70538721e83fbap7@Atp2a1
1.42e-27FFCP PHASE2:Mm9::chr7:133600635..133600663,+#_baf81bc4034f5f381fed84dd9045eff5p@chr7:133600635..133600663, +
1.42e-27FFCP PHASE1:Mm9::chr7:133600635..133600663,+#_baf81bc4034f5f381fed84dd9045eff5p@chr7:133600635..133600663, +
1.42e-27FFCP PHASE2:Mm9::chr7:133592162..133592188,-#_baf81bc4034f5f381fed84dd9045eff5p@chr7:133592162..133592188, -
1.42e-27FFCP PHASE1:Mm9::chr7:133592162..133592188,-#_baf81bc4034f5f381fed84dd9045eff5p@chr7:133592162..133592188, -
6.75e-27FFCP PHASE2:Mm9::chr11:94837662..94837673,-#_d5b5d24423b577681d138278593d5e17p4@Sgca
6.75e-27FFCP PHASE1:Mm9::chr11:94837662..94837673,-#_d5b5d24423b577681d138278593d5e17p4@Sgca
1.66e-26FFCP PHASE1:Mm9::chr5:104754379..104754387,+#_ec4bedf0d2eae426bd52c52bce41b8f4p1@Mepe
1.66e-26FFCP PHASE2:Mm9::chr5:104754379..104754387,+#_ec4bedf0d2eae426bd52c52bce41b8f4p1@Mepe
3.47e-26FFCP PHASE1:Mm9::chr16:32400888..32400899,+#_6a05e37cbcbfbf5812960547e37eb9efp2@Tm4sf19
3.47e-26FFCP PHASE2:Mm9::chr12:81581216..81581231,+#_6a05e37cbcbfbf5812960547e37eb9efp@chr12:81581216..81581231, +
3.47e-26FFCP PHASE1:Mm9::chr12:81581216..81581231,+#_6a05e37cbcbfbf5812960547e37eb9efp@chr12:81581216..81581231, +
3.47e-26FFCP PHASE2:Mm9::chr16:32400888..32400899,+#_6a05e37cbcbfbf5812960547e37eb9efp2@Tm4sf19
1.12e-25FFCP PHASE2:Mm9::chr17:34176173..34176200,+#_9d23240a89b9f7698ee6568228ea0097p5@Col11a2
1.12e-25FFCP PHASE1:Mm9::chr15:97806574..97806585,-#_9d23240a89b9f7698ee6568228ea0097p@chr15:97806574..97806585, -
1.12e-25FFCP PHASE2:Mm9::chr15:97806574..97806585,-#_9d23240a89b9f7698ee6568228ea0097p@chr15:97806574..97806585, -
1.12e-25FFCP PHASE1:Mm9::chr17:34176173..34176200,+#_9d23240a89b9f7698ee6568228ea0097p5@Col11a2
1.36e-25FFCP PHASE1:Mm9::chr2:180890942..180890956,-#_7fd3b965322a0b325af9d9fcd0b04aaap@chr2:180890942..180890956, -
1.36e-25FFCP PHASE1:Mm9::chr18:78254174..78254185,-#_7fd3b965322a0b325af9d9fcd0b04aaap2@Siglec15

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